儿童皮瓣移植手术75例分析

RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF 75 CASES OF FLAP TRANSPLANTATIONS IN CHILDREN

目的 回顾分析儿童皮瓣移植修复四肢软组织缺损的治疗效果。 方法 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 5月实施了 75例儿童皮瓣移植手术。男 5 2例 ,女 2 3例 ,年龄 3～ 14岁。选择轴力或非轴形皮瓣移位、吻合血管的皮瓣移植 ,皮瓣范围 3cm× 5 cm～ 15 cm× 4 2 cm。其中急诊一期手术修复 2 6例 ,二期手术修复 4 9例 (感染性创面如骨髓炎、骨折术后钢板外露 )。手术修复部位 :前臂、手背、拇食指、小腿及足部等。皮瓣移植类型及应用范围 :轴形皮瓣移位或移植 39例(顺、逆行移位 2 7例 ,吻合血管的皮瓣移植 12例 )。非轴形皮瓣移位 36例 ,均是在伤口临近处设计的顺行或逆行皮瓣 ,其中 2 7例皮瓣长宽比例为 2 .5～ 3.5∶ 1,9例皮瓣长宽比例大于 3.5∶ 1。术前应注意麻醉的选择、术中无创操作及术后皮瓣的观察和护理。 结果 术后轴形皮瓣发生血液循环危象 2例 ,其中动、静脉危象各 1例 ,经积极处理后皮瓣成活 37例 ,失败 1例 ,部分失败 1例 ,手术成功率为 96 .2 % ;非轴形皮瓣成活 34例 ,部分失败 2例。手术成功率为 97.3%。术后随访 3个月～ 5年 ,皮瓣血运、弹性、质地均良好 ,功能满意。 结论 轴形或非轴形皮瓣移植 ,对一期修复患儿皮肤缺损或二期修复骨关节感染性创面有较高的成功率 ,要尽量选用非轴形皮?

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of flap transplantation in repairing soft tissue defects of children. Methods From January 1997 to May 2002, 75 cases mb, index finger, leg and foot. The types of flap graft and application range included 39 cases of axial flaps transfer or transplantation (27 cases of along-or contra-transfer of transplantation and 12 cases of microvascular anastomosis). The non-axial flaps transfer were designed along-or contra-transfer near the wound area in 36 cases. The ratio of length to width was 2.5∶1-3.5∶1 in 27 cases, and larger than 3.5∶1 in 9 cases. Adequate anesthesia method should be chosen according to the characteristics of children, non-traumatic operating during surgery and postoperative supervision and nursing of flaps should also be paid enough attention. Results After operation, blood circulation crisis occurred in 2 cases (1 case of artery failure and 1 case of vein failure).The flaps survived in 37 cases and partially survived in 1 case and necrosed in 1 case. The survival rate was 96.2%. The postoperative follow-up period was 3 to 60 months, the blood supply, elasticity and texture of flaps were good. The effect of repair was satisfactory. Conclusion Different types of transplantation of blood-supply of flaps may repair the different types of soft tissue defects in children. Free flap transplantation is safe and beneficial in children, different defects of soft tissue were repaired by axial and non-axial flaps transfer, axial flaps transplantation by microvascular anastomosis. Non-traumatic operating and postoperative supervision and nursing of flaps should also be paid enough attention.