海口市冷链运转阶段麻疹流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of the prevalence and control of measles in 1986-1999 in Haikou

目的 探讨控制与消除麻疹的策略。方法 应用描述流行病学方法对海口市１９８６～１９９９年冷链运转以来麻疹的流行病学及防治措施进行分析。结果 在冷链运转阶段接种率达到较高水平的条件下，麻疹发病仍极不稳定，呈３～４年一次的周期性发病升高，并存在３～５月的发病季节高峰，发病以１４岁以下人群为主，城市发病率高于农村。呈周期性发病的原因主要是流动人口的增加，学校加强免疫工作不落实，以及免疫失败与免疫人群抗体衰退，造成易感人群积累所致。结论 冷链运转以来我市麻疹处于低发病水平，提示应进一步加强免疫策略的研究，加强对人群免疫状况的监测，减少易感人群的积累，尽早实现消除麻疹的目标。

Objective To probe into the policies of measles control and elimination. Methods analysis of prevalence and control of measles in 1986 - 1999 after cold Chain system. Results Measles incidence was extremely unsteady when the vaccination rate maintained at a relatively high level during the running of cold chain. The cyclic increase of measles incidence occurred every 3 - 4 years, and there was a seasonal peak of incidence in the months from March to May mainly in the population aged under 14 years. It wa also observed that the incidence in urban areas was higher than in mini areas. The main causes for cyclic increase of measles incidence were due to the increase of susceptible floating population, the failure in implementing booster MV vaccination of schoolchildren, the failure of vaccination and decline of antibody level in the population. Conclusion The measles incidence was kept at a low level since the running of cold chain system in the city. It indicated that stress be put on the research of immunization policies so as to monitor the immunization status of the population and bring down the accumulation of susceptible population and achieve the goals of eliminating measles as early as possible.