格律诗是古代汉诗主导诗体的原因——兼论词与曲在古代汉诗中的文体调和作用

Important Poetic Style in Ancient Chinese Poetry

格律诗能够成为古代汉诗中最重要的定型诗体,其诗体的主导地位维持了千余年.既是因为格律诗本身具有齐言体、音乐美等格律上的诗体优势,也是受到了以科举制度为代表的官方保护的结果,更是因为有词和曲这样的准型诗体作为格律诗最重要的辅助诗体,减轻了定型诗体对诗人的文体自由的抑制。词和曲加速了古代汉诗诗体由定型诗体到非定型诗体的诗体解放进程,促进了汉诗诗体在诗体规范与诗体自由之间的和解,避免了汉诗诗体走上极度律化或极度散文化的极端。由于词与曲的文体调和作用,古代汉诗形成了长期以格律诗为主导诗体,词、曲为辅助诗体的定型诗体与准定型诗体并存的诗体多元格局。在形式和内容上,词和曲与格律诗相比,更具有灵活性和通俗性,有效地纠正了以格律诗为代表的正统诗歌在形式与内容上的严肃性。不仅有利于格律诗的存在,也极大地从诗的体裁和风格上拓展了古代汉诗的生存空间。

There are three reasons why metrical poetry is the most important poetic style with more than one thousand year history in Ancient Chinese Poetry. Metrical poetry has own poetic style merits in meter such as its shape of poetry is neat and its music of poetry is beautiful. Metrical poetry had been protected by imperial examination system by government. The most important reason is that there are unformed poetic style such as Ci and Qu acting as mediator on poetic style. It gives poets more freedom of style. Ci and Qu hasten the revolutionary speed of poetic style from the formed poetic style to unformed poetic style. It makes more peace between the rule and the freedom of poetic style. It avoids the danger that poetic style is led to metrical way or prose way extremely. Ci and Qu is more flexible and popular on the form and content of poetry. It can overcome the solemnity of orthodox poetry which metrical poetry is its repsensentive. It is very useful on the exist of metrical poetry . It also makes out more space poetic styles for Ancient Chinese poetry.