摘要
本文主要介绍了在前苏联的影响下阿塞拜疆的环境现状以及自独立以来阿塞拜疆在环境方面所采取的措施。阿塞拜疆的各个环境项目主要由国际组织和外国公司出资。最严重的问题包括:里海里的污染物、苏姆盖特(Sumgait)的空气,水体和土壤污染、非法捕鱼,饮用水水质低劣、滥伐森林用于燃料和放牧,过度放牧、土壤侵蚀和盐碱化。提高环境意识对于可持续的环境保护来说是必须的,而要做到这一点,主要依赖于环境教育、民主制度和观念的健全以及发展经济。前几个因素有助于提高政府和市民对环境的责任感。发展经济可以产生大量的中产阶级。积极的进展包括宪法和法律提出要保护环境,部分个人大声疾呼要爱护环境;消极因素包括贫穷以及现政府对环境保护的重视不足。
The author describes present environmental conditions in Azerbaijan in relation to the Soviet legacy and measures taken since independence. Environmental projects have been financed largely by international organizations and foreign companies. The most serious problems are contaminants in the Caspian Sea; air, water, and soil pollution in Sumgait; illegal fishing; poor quality of drinking water; cutting of forests for fuel and pasture; overgrazing; and soil erosion and salinization. Progress in developing an environmental conscience, necessary for sustained protection of the environment, will depend most importantly on environmental education, growth of democratic institutions and attitudes that encourage both governmental and citizen responsibility for the environment, and economic development that produces a substantial middle class. Positive advances include a Constitution and laws that require protection of the environment, and individuals who speak out for environmental care. Negative factors include poverty and the present government's low priority for environmental protection.
