不同旱种方式水稻的生长发育与产量形成特性

Growth, DevelopmentandYieldFormationCharacteristicsofRicein Different Dry Culture Methods

以"汕优63"和"武育粳3号"为材料,以水种方式为对照,调查分析了覆膜旱种、覆秸旱种、露地旱种3种旱种方式水稻的生长发育与产量形成特性。结果表明:与水种方式相比,3种旱种方式水稻移栽至穗分化期生长发育慢,全生育期延长,稻株各节间长度、穗长较短;成熟期干物质积累量、茎鞘物质输出率和转换率偏低,其减少的顺序为露地>覆秸>覆膜;但最大叶面积指数、抽穗期根冠比、粒叶比(颖花数/顶3叶叶面积)覆膜方式均较高。结果还显示:旱种方式水稻的每穗粒数少于对照;单位面积穗数覆膜方式高于对照,覆秸旱种和露地旱种则低于对照;旱种方式水稻的粒重,汕优63显著低于对照,不同旱种方式之间无显著差异,而武育粳3号露地旱种显著低于对照,覆膜旱种和覆秸旱种与对照差异不显著;结实率露地旱种显著低于对照,覆膜旱种和覆秸旱种与对照差异不显著;3种旱种方式水稻产量低于对照,但汕优63覆膜方式减产不显著,其余品种×旱种方式减产均达显著水平(P<0 05)。考虑到节水种稻和生态效益,提出采用覆秸方式种稻并辅以适量适时浇水较为有利。

Using 'Shanyou63' and 'Wuyujing3' as the experimental materials, wet culture method as the control, the characteristics of growth, development and yield formation of rice were analyzed in 3 kinds of dry culture methods including plasticsheetcovered dry culture, strawcovered dry culture and bare dry culture. The results were as follows:compared to wet culture rice, dry culture rice had slower growth, longer total growth duration from transplanting to panicle differentiation, shorter the length of each elongated internode and panicle, lower dry weight at maturing stage, smaller transportation rate of assimilate in stem and sheath. But maximum leaf area index, roottop ratio and grainleaf ratio (number of spikelet/leaf area of 3 apical leaves) at heading period in plasticsheetcovered dry culture rice were higher than those of wet culture rice. The results were still as follows:number of spikelet per panicle of dry culture rice was smaller than that of wet culture rice. Number of panicle per area of plasticsheetcovered dry culture ranked the top, followed successively by that of wet culture, strawcovered dry culture and bare dry culture. The grain weight between wet culture and dry culture was significant difference for Shanyou 63, but nonsignificant different among three kinds of dry culture; the grain weight of bare dry culture was lower than that of wet culture for Wuyujing 3, but nonsignificant difference among wet culture rice, plasticsheetcovered dry culture rice and strawcovered dry culture rice. Seed setting rate between bare dry culture rice and wet culture rice was significant difference, but nonsignificant difference among plasticsheetcovereddryculturerice,strawcovered dry culture riceand wet culture rice. The yield of three kinds of dry culture rice was significantly lower than that of wet culture rice except that of Shanyou 63 under plasticsheetcovered dry culture condition. Considered planting rice under saving water condition and ecological benefit, planting rice with strawcovered dry culture method was put forward.