攀枝花地区河流沉积物的重金属污染研究

HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF STREAM SEDIMENT IN PANZHIHUA AREA

攀枝花市是长江流域经济带上游区第一城,几十年的开发建设使该地区的经济、社会得到了飞速的发展,但同时也造成了一定的环境影响。采用地质累积指数评价了该区水系沉积物中的重金属污染状况,结果表明,水系沉积物中各元素的污染程度由高到低为:Ti、Cu、V、Pb、Zn、Cr、As;总体上看,各元素在攀钢采矿场、选矿厂、冶炼厂及尾矿坝等地的污染程度较高,表明该区水系沉积物中重金属和攀枝花地区金沙江水质的污染主要与该区钒钛磁铁矿的采、选、冶等矿业活动有关。该区应采取如下措施减轻环境影响:(1)加强矿区环境恢复和环境管理,确保区域资源、环境、经济、社会可持续发展;(2)加强城市环境监测,特别是重金属和其他微量元素污染的监测,进行城市生态环境安全预警。

Panzhihua is the first city of economic zone in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Many pro-gresses have been made after many years' development, but many environmental problems have come out. In this paper, the authors applied the Index of Geoaccumulation (Igeo) to assess heavy metai pollution in the stream sediment of Jinsha River and its branches. The result shows that the contamination degree is Ti> Cu> V > Pb > Zn > Cr > As, and the contaminated sites are located in the areas of V-Ti-magnetite sloping and smelting, gangues dam. The pollution sources of selected elements mainly came from dusts of mining activities and other three-waste-effluents. The authors suggested that the local government should take some measures to reduce the environmental impact in Panzhihua City. First, countermeasures for reducing environmental impact has to set up in respects of ecological rehabilitation and environmental management system, in order to ensure the sustainable development of resources, environment, economy and society in this region. Second, the area needs to be moni-tored regularly for trace metals and other pollutants to forewarn urban eco-environmental safety.