我国生态功能区划的目标、原则与体系

GOALS, PRINCIPLES, AND SYSTEMS OF ECO-FUNCTIONAL REGIONALIZATION IN CHINA

阐述了我国开展生态功能区划的背景,分析了全国生态功能区划的基本目标和任务。以生态系统科学为基础,明确了开展生态功能区划的基本原则——生态系统完整性原则。在生态系统完整性原则下,定义系统、系统边界、系统等级和认识生态系统的尺度。对生态功能区划与自然区划、农业区划以及生态地域划分之间的联系与区别进行了分析,指出从单一要素的各种自然区划,到以整体生态系统为基础的生态功能区划是协调人与自然关系、寻求自然资源保护与人类对资源的永续利用之间的平衡的认识进步。在生态系统完整性原则上,提出了我国生态功能区划体系的框架。论述了流域在生态和社会经济方面的重要性,认为以大流域为基本区划单元的划分是构建我国生态功能区划的基本方式,“生态热点”地区规划是必要的、灵活的辅助手段。

In this paper, the background, goal and main task of the national delineation of ecosystems according to their functionality were analyzed. The principle of ecosystem integrity on which the delineation is operated was also addressed in this paper. Under this principle, we defined the system, the boundary of the system and the organizational Ievels of the system, and also defined the scale at which the ecosystem was to be examined. The differences and relationships among the eco-functional regionalization and the naturai regionalization, agri-cultural regionalization and the ecological regionalization were given. It was pointed out that the change from a framework based on a single naturai indicator to another based on the integrated ecosystem approach reflects the progress in the understanding of human-nature reconciliation and the balance between biodiversity conversation and sustainable use of naturai resources. On the basis of ecosystem integrity, a framework for the national eco-functional regionalization systems was recommitted. The paper, after addressed the role of watersheds in ecology and social-economic aspects, stated that using big watersheds as the delineation units was a fundamental method in regionalization, and ecological planning of 'focus areas' was essential and flexible.