高层建筑防烟楼梯间正压值与门洞风速试验及分析

Test Analysis of Pressure Difference and Critical Air Velocity in Smoke-preventing Stairwell of a Tall Buliding

对一座 32层综合性高层建筑的楼梯间与前室的机械加压送风系统进行现场试验 ,测定了几种不同工况下楼梯间、前室的正压值、门洞风速、送风机风量、加压送风口风速、系统的阻力损失等参数。笔者着重分析了正压值和门洞风速的试验结果 ,试验暴露了加压送风系统设计、验收、防排烟产品质量等存在许多问题 ,亟待解决。同时也发现了《高规》条文中存在某些不完善之处。试验表明 ,高层建筑防烟楼梯间及前室的加压送风系统如果设计不当 ,火灾时 ,不仅不能起到保证人员安全逃生的作用 。

Field tests of mechanical stairwell pressurization and vestibule pressurization systems are conducted for a 32 story tall buliding. Pressure differences (stairwell and vestibule), critical air velocity, supply air rate, air velocity of supply air opening and resistance loss of the system are tested under various working conditions. The test results of the pressure difference and critical air velocity are emphatically analyzed. The results reveal many problems in pressurization system design, checking and smoke control product quality need to be solved promptly. The results also indicate the deficiencies of the Code for fire prevention design of tall bulidings. Tests also demonstrate that the unsuitable pressurization system of stairwell and vestibule of tall bulidings could not assure the people's safe evacuation, and could even turn out to be serious hidden danger.