我国油页岩的主要性质

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL SHALES IN CHINA

我国油页岩矿床形成的地质年代范围很宽,从古生代到新生代。已开采的抚顺、茂名、桦甸和黄县等主要油页岩矿都属于新生代的第三纪。这几种油页岩含油率一般都在6.0～10.0%之间。除黄县油页岩外,它们的品位皆属于贫质油页岩。虽然我国油页岩含油率一般都不高,但它们的有机质含量却在20%以上,只是在干馏时转化成页岩油的产率较低,通常在24～50%。我国油页岩中硫、氮含量不高,硫在0.5～1.0%之间,氮在0.5%左右;干馏产物页岩油中硫含量不高,在0.4～0.7%之间,而氮含量较高,一般在0.7～1.27%之间。页岩油中硫、氮含量主要取决于有机质中硫、氮含量的多少,与油页岩中硫、氮含量的关系不大。我国油页岩的灰分组成以硅、铝为主,可用于生产建筑材料,近来又用作为橡胶塑料制品的填充剂。

The geological formation era of Chinese oil shales ranges from the Palaeozoic Era, through the Mesozoic Era to the Cenozoic Era. The main deposits in China, such as Fushun(Liaoning), Maoming(Guangdong), Huadian (Jilin), and Huangxian(Shangdong), all belong to the Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era. The Fischer Assay oil yields of these Chinese oil shales are relatively low, generally 6～10% with only a few being over 10%, belonging to the lean grade. Although they are rich in kerogen (over 20%), only a low oil yield can be obtained (generally 24～50%) during retorting. These Chinese oil shales are all low in S and N contents, with S around 0.5～1.0% and N around 0.5%. But their retorting products, shale oils, contain 0.4～0.7% S and 0.75～1.27% N. Obviously, S and N in shale oil are mainly related to their contents in the kerogen. The ashes after retorting of these Chinese shales are rich in SiO_2 and Al_2O_3, suitable for manufacturing building materials and useful as filler for rubber and plastics products.