扣典识史二题

摩尔根和恩格斯经典著作中的一些结论，本来很明确，但在教科书的转述中，或部分研究者的论文里，反而阐释得扑朔迷离。关于“畜牧时代”，关于“社会大分工”，这两议题，重新审视原著，便可认识清楚。其一，“畜牧方式”涵盖一定历史阶段，先于农耕，孕育出农耕和游牧两种生存方式。其二，“第一次社会大分工”是指“畜牧部落从其他野蛮部落中分离出来”，即使在今天有大量考古新资料的条件下，这一点仍然经得起推敲。

Expounding in many textbooks and papers on some already clear conclusions in Engels and Morgan classics have only caused confusion . A correct understanding of the two concepts “Livestock farming Age ”and “ Division of labor in society ”, for example , can be achieved through reading the original works themselves . Firstly ,the way of livestock farming which lasted a certain length of historical period was earlier than farming and resulted in two ways of life :agriculture and nomadisim . secondly ,the first division of labor in society refers to the separation of pastural tribes from other barbarious tribes .This understanding is convincing enough and there is no need for any new understanding even if there have appeared a lot new literature nowadays .