人额部和颈部皮肤发育的观察

OBSERVATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN SKIN OF THE FOREHEAD AND NECK

本文收集人胚胎及出生后1天至13岁标本110例,取额部和颈部皮肤,做石蜡切片,HE 和 Weigert 染色,光镜下观察其发育变化过程。结果表明,表皮厚度在胚胎期随胚胎龄增长而逐渐增厚,在出生后3个月内增厚明显;3～6月间仍缓慢增厚。自1～13岁期间表皮变化不显著。真皮发育基本上为渐进性过程,但生后半年内发育较快。真皮弹力纤维自胚胎24周后开始出现,随胎龄增长逐渐增加,出生后半年内增长较快。皮肤附属器在生前已基本发育完善,生后变化不大。本文结果提示,出生后半年内是皮肤发育的重要时期,表皮和真皮的主要结构在这一阶段基本发育完善。

Microscopic observations of the forehead and cervical skin of 110 human embryos and children were performed and the following findings were revealed: 1.The thickness of the epidermis has an obvious increase within the first 6 months,especially the first 3 months after birth,but the increase becomes obscure thereafter. 2.The development of the dermis,during the embryonic stage was similar to that of the epidermis,that is to say,changes also occurred gradually.Apparent changes took place only during the first half year after birth. 3.The dermal elastic fibers first appeared in the 24th week of gestation and increased in amount progressively with the growth of the fetus.A relatively rapid increase in the elastic fibers occurred in the first six months after birth. 4.Appendicular organs of the skin were nearly fully developed before birth and there were no obvious changes thereafter. In conclusion,the first half year after birth,in all respects,is an important period for the development of the human skin of the forehead and cervical regions.