人育龄期输卵管粘膜上皮表面结构周期性变化的扫描电镜观察

CYCLIC VARIATIONS OF SURFACE STRUCTURE IN THE HUMAN OVIDUCTAL EPITHELIUM DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE

将妇科手术取出的输卵管12例,按月经周期时间和子宫内膜活检分期,观察人育龄期输卵管粘膜上皮表面结构的周期性变化。用扫描电镜观察后的样本,作半薄切片和超薄切片观察。输卵管粘膜上皮主要由纤毛细胞和无纤毛细胞组成。在增殖期,纤毛和微绒毛增多增长,至增殖期末最为发达。在分泌期,纤毛逐渐折断脱落,致使纤毛细胞明显减少。无纤毛细胞表面出现胞质芽,微绒毛稀疏短小,部分细胞表面微绒毛全部消失。分泌期中,无纤毛细胞顶部形态具有由凸变凹,又复变凸的明显变化。偶见上皮中存在一种具有丰富微绒毛的小型细胞。上述变化,在输卵管繖部和漏斗部最为明显,壶腹部次之,峡部和间质部无明显变化。

Oviducts were removed from 12 reproductive women at specific times during the menstrual cycle.The surface structure of oviductal epithelium have mainly examined by scanning electron microscopy.At proliferative stage,the growing cilia and microvilli were indeed detected.The typical pattern at midcycle was that the cilia and microvilli had well developed and reached their full length.At secretory stage,however,ciliation was much less extensive than that at midcycle.The surface phenomenon of some cilia had lost from ciliated cells but some still retained. Nonciliated cells had more evident changes than ciliated cells.At early secretory stage,the cobblestone-like nonciliated cells bulged into the lumen.Then,the center of these cells exhibited concave with some cytoplasmic buds which were probably as representation of their apocrine secretory activity.At late secretory stage,many nonciliated cells showed cobblestone-like bulged into the lumen again.The epithe- lium also showed a tiny minority small cells with abundant and well developed microvilli like those at proliferative stage.The cyclic changes in the oviductal epithelium were very pronounced in the fimbriae and infundibulum,less distinct in the ampulla and very slight in the isthmus.