人掌骨的动脉

THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE HUMAN METACARPUS

本研究用注射、化学清洁和透明法,观察了166侧不同年龄(6(1/2)月胎儿～89岁)新鲜尸体掌骨的动脉供应。掌骨的血液供应主要来自滋养动脉、骨膜动脉、骺-干骺动脉和假骺动脉。滋养动脉的升、降支发出放射状小支进入骨皮质,供应皮质内2/3～3/4;骨膜动脉发出少量小支进入骨皮质,供应皮质外1/3～1/4;骺-干骺动脉和假骺动脉主要供应掌骨的两端。掌骨滋养动脉的来源随骨而异。第1掌骨的滋养动脉恒定来自拇主要动脉,其他掌骨的主要来自掌心动脉、掌深弓及其穿支。掌骨的骨膜动脉来自拇主要动脉、掌心动脉、掌背动脉、掌深弓及其穿支。这些骨膜动脉支在各掌骨骨膜内分支吻合,形成丰富的襻状血管网。掌骨的骺-干骺动脉和假骺动脉,主要起自位于各掌骨近、远端的近、远侧动脉环。

The arterial supply of the human metacarpus was studied in 166 specimens from fresh cadavers of different ages ranging from 6(1/2) months prenatally to 89 years old by injection,chemical debridement and clearing techniques.The arterial supply of the metacarpus is mainly derived from the nutrient artery,the periosteal arteries, the epiphyseo-metaphyseal arteries and the pseudoepiphyseal arteries.The nutrient and periosteal arteries mainly supply the diaphyses of the metacarpus.The ascending and descending branches of the nutrient artery give off radial twigs which enter the cortex to supply the inner two-thirds or three fourth of the compact substance.The periosteal arteries which give off a few twigs penetrating the cortex and only supply the outer third or quarter of the compact substance of the metacarpus.The epiphyseo- metaphyseal arteries and the pseudoepiphyseal arteries mainly supply the extremities of the metacarpus. The sources of the nutrient arteries to the metacarpus vary with the different bones.The nutrient artery to first metacarpal bone is consistently originated from the princeps pollicis artery,while the nutrient arteries to the other metacarpal bones are mainly derived from the palmar metacarpal arteries,the deep palmar arch and its perforating branches.The periosteal arteries of the metacarpus mainly arise from the princeps pollicis artery,the palmar metacarpal arteries,the dorsal metacarpal arteries,the deep palmar arch and its perforating branches.These periosteal arteries divide into smaller branches and anastomose with each other and form an abundant loop-like vascular network in the periosteum of each metacarpal bone.The epiphy- seo-metaphyseal arteries and the pseudoepiphyseal arteries are mainly originated from the proximal and distal arterial rings which situate at the proximal and distal extremities of each metacarpal bone.