矿权性质及其市场制度

The Nature of Mineral Resource Rights and Market System

矿权市场在本质上属于要素市场 ,但在形式和部分功能上与商品市场有相通之处。矿权是用益物权 ,不是“经营权” ,也不是“知识产权”。生产要素有现成存在的 ,有需要通过特定生产过程才能形成或使用的 ,土地属于前者 ,矿产资源大部分属于后者。自然资源能做到清楚分割并实现排他性占有的 ,宜实行用益物权制度 ;做不到的 ,宜实行行政许可制度。土地一级市场最重要 。

The market of mineral resource rights, which has something in common with the commodity market in form and part functions, belongings to the production elements market in nature. It's neither business rights nor intellectual property rights. Land belongs to the ready production element, while most mineral resources cannot be formed and used until produced by certain productive processes. Natural resources, which can be divided clearly and be held exclusively, are properly carried out through the system of usufructuary rights; otherwise, it can be done using an administrative license system. The first-class market is the most important for the land while second- class market is the most important for most of the mineral resources.