汉语的词语搭配和义征的提取辨析

Lexical Collocation and Semantic Differentiation in Chinese

语义分析的难点和关键是义征的提取 ,而通常对此叙述过于简略 ,更少有义征提取程序和技巧的探讨。本文就客方所提四对近义词的搭配对象问题 ,运用“五步骤”分析法讨论近义复合词之间的义征异同。通过微观研究探讨提取义征的程序和技能 ,以推动语义语法学研究的进展。并进一步提出 :1 .作为解释自然语言的元语言 ,义征的一些术语在自然语言中并不使用 ,但义征定名力求基于系统性通筹考虑。 2 .词语之间能否搭配 ,取决于双方是否存在耦合性义征或语义兼容性。 3 .词语之间的语义搭配 ,受制于认识事理性、情境模型性。

The author examines, on the basis of the understanding that semantic differentiation is the key to semantic analysis and that studies in the field is inadequate, the lexical collocation in synonym compounds and the way they are differentiated with the view to formulate, through micro-analysis, a procedure in semantic differentiation. The paper further posits that the terminology of the meta-language be based on a systematic consideration, that lexical collocation depends on the compatibility of meaning, and semantic collocation is determined by reason, situation, communal customs and individual idiosyncracies.