应对突发性灾难的农村社会保障制度研究

The Social Security System for Rural Areas of China to Prevent Emergent Disasters

"非典"发生后,我国广大农村地区经历了严峻考验。虽然这一次疫情并未在农村地区广泛传播,但已经暴露出了农村在应对突发性灾难事件方面存在的严重问题。面对"非典"发生后的严峻挑战,我国农村社会保障制度需要进行根本性的改进革新,在发生突发性灾难的情况下首先需要考虑解决农民的人身救治问题,把农民的灾难救助纳入社会保障的轨道上,依法予以解决。结合国际社会灾难救助的一般规律,今后我国农村地区社会保障改革的主要趋向是:在国家和地方财政支持下改善农村医疗状况,加强农村医疗队伍建设;加强国家对农村养老事业的资金投入,并使之制度化、规范化;建立乡村突发性灾难的社会救助制度;加强立法,对乡村危机时刻的社会治安和秩序进行有效管治;建立基层社会组织物资储备系统以应对危难时刻的群众需要;广泛开展宣传教育工作,提高群众灾难自救能力。

After the SARS epidemic disease, the rural area in China has stood theordeal. Even though the SARS epidemic disease did not spread in the rural area in large scale, but the serious problems for rural area to prevent the emergent disaster has reviled. Facing the ordeal after the SARS, the social security system in China must be improved completely. In the course of the emergent disaster,the first thing in the rural area is to take consider to cure diseases, and bring the assistance for farmers to cure the disease into social security system, so as to solve the problems according to the legal procedure. Combining the general law of international community to deal with social disaster, the main trend to social security reform for rural areas in China are as follows: To improve situation of medical treatment in rural area, which is supported by state and localfinance, to strengthen the construction of medical personnel; To increase the input in oldage care of rural area, at same time to make the oldage care systematism and normalization; To establish the social assistance system for emergent disaster in rural area; To strengthen legislation to effectively maintain the social order and safety in the period of disasters crisis ; To set up material reserve system at the root level to meet the mass's demands in the disaster period ; To do job in increasing the ability to save oneself in the disaster.