儿童四肢长骨的生物力学性质及其意义

Biomechanical character of extremity long bones in children and its significance

目的 :研究儿童四肢长骨在静态和动态作用力下三点弯曲的性质。方法 :11具 2～ 12岁的儿童尸体由亲属捐赠用于该项实验测试。分别取双侧肱骨、尺骨、桡骨、股骨、胫骨和腓骨 ,随机取一侧为静态施载组 ( 5mm/min) ,另一侧则为动态施载组 ( 5 0 0mm/min)。在万能材料试验机上进行三点弯曲测试。结果 :将测试结果进行多次回归得出以下公式 :Y =X +α1V +α2 S +α3 A ,Y代表力、最大变形、刚度或能量吸收 ,X为截距 ,V为速度参数 ,S为性别参数 ,α为年龄参数 ,α1、α2 、α3 为常数系数。结论 :随儿童年龄增长 ,其长骨的动、静态抗弯曲力的能力提高 。

Objective: To study the three-point bending properties of children's extremity long bones. Methods: Eleven children's cadavers with ages from 2～12, which were donated by their relatives, were used in this study. All limbs long bones include humerus, radius, ulna in the upper extremity and the femur, tibia and fibula in lower extremity. Randomly select one side of bones as statistic group (with a loading speed of 5 mm/min) and the other side as dynamic group (with a loading speed of 500 mm/min). Results: A multiple regression was performed on the results and we got following form: Y =X + α 1V + α 2S + α 3A, where Y is force, maximum deformation, stiffness, or absorbed energy, X is intercept, V is loading speed, S is sex and A is age. Conclusions: The maximum bending force, deformations, stiffness and absorbed energy increased with subjects' age, and boy's long bones have higher resistance to bending than girl's bones.