无刑事责任能力精神病人的范围及认定

The Scope and Identification of Psychopaths Who Do Not Bear Criminal Responsibility

我国刑法第18条第1款规定了精神病人在不能辨认或不能控制自己行为时犯罪的,不负刑事责任。该条款的适用涉及到刑法学、精神医学、司法鉴定学等不同学科,适用时较为复杂。笔者认为,无刑事责任能力的精神病人的认定应该采用医学和心理学双重标准;其范围应该包括精神病性精神障碍者和非精神病性精神障碍者;其刑事责任有无的认定应该综合精神病人的行为心理特征,理论上则应以"动机论"为根据。

Clause 1 of Article 18 of Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates if a psychopath causes harmful consequences when he is unable to recognize or control his own conduct, he shall not bear criminal responsibility. It is difficult to put this regulation into practice, because it concerns different subjects, such as science of criminal law, psychopathology and science of judicial appraisal, and so on. We should identify such kinds of psychopath by double standardmedicinal standard and psychological one. The scope of such kinds of psychopath includes the people who catch psychopathic lunacy and non-psychopathic lunacy. When we decide whether they have the ability to bear criminal responsibility, we should consider the conduct and mental characters of the psychopath, and take the 'motivation theory' as the base.