英汉词汇上下义关系异同的多维分析

Similarities and Differences of English and Chinese Hyponymy: A Multi- dimensional Analysis

语义学的上下义关系涉及逻辑学上的内涵与外延。上下义词语的选择常态是选用“基本层次词”,而其非常态分3种情况:刻意使用下义词,凸出词的内涵;刻意使用上义词,旨在企贴切,避重复,求讳饰和迁就汉语双音节的结构特征;汉语有刻意反逻辑并置的倾向。汉语和英语在如上3种语用方面有异有同,其根源是文化因素。

Hyponymy in semantics is related to denotation and connotation in logics. The normal choosing of a hyponym or a superordinate is the basic level term. The deviant ways of their choices include three types: 1) deliberately using a hyponyms to highlight the connotation; 2)purposefully using a superordinate so as to be right in its right place;; to avoid repetition; to be euphemistic and to adapt to the unique two- syllabic structure of Chinese and 3) intentionally juxtaposing a hyponym and a superordinate anti- logically particularly in Chinese. There are similarities and differences in the above three pragmatic processes in Chinese and English and they result from the two languages′ cultural differences.