景区应该免费开放吗?

Should Common Scenic Spots Be Free?

在经济水平较高、地域性市场、有限市场规模和容量较大的情况下,最有可能符合景区免费开放的标准条件,即最后一位游客的边际支付意愿大于等于边际成本。考虑到资源保护、公平和外部性,即使不符合标准条件,景区也可以实行免费开放,此时最佳接待规模由社会收益与边际成本的交点决定。景区免费开放的前提条件是宽松的财政约束和良好的排队机制。财政约束实际上只不过是公众选择的结果,又和公共选择机制和公共决策成本等有关。我国目前城市公园的免费开放趋势和国家公园的提价趋势均可从本文分析中得到解释。

This paper points out, under the situation of high-developed economy, local market, limited market and large capacity, a scenic spot is most possible to fit to the normal requirement of free ticket,that is,visitor's willing payment is larger than marginal cost. Concerning resource protection, equality, and externality and even not fitting to the normal requirement, the scenic spot can be free too, and in this situation, the optimal quantity is decided by the convex of society revenue curve an marginal cost curve. The prerequisite of free ticket for a scenic spot is loose financial band and good standing system. This paper also points out that financial band is just the result of public select which is related to public select system and public policy cost. The tendency of free ticket for Municipal Park and high price for National Park in today's China can be explained according to this paper's analysis.