副词“曾经”与“已经”的语法意义及其他

Grammatical Senses of Adverbs:“Cengjing”and “Yijing”

“曾经”、“已经”的语法意义:可以表示时间,但它们更主要的语法意义是表示时态(体貌),而且需要进一步明确的一点是,当它们不与表示时间的词语或提示性时间短语共现时既表示时间又表示时态;当它们与表示时间的词语或提示性时间短语共现时只表示时态。“曾经”表示曾然态,“已经”表示已然态。

The grammatical senses of adverbs 'Cengjing' and 'Yijing' may express time concept and tense (aspect. ) To be exact, these two adverbs can perform the above function, when they are not associated with types of time adjuncts or non-specific time expressions; they only indicate tense while connecting with them. 'Cengjing' expresses simple past, while 'Yijing' shows perfect progressive .