地理专家系统的应用现状及发展趋势综述

Application and Development Tendency of Geographical Expert System

地理专家系统是专家系统与地理信息系统结合的产物。该文介绍了地理专家系统的概念、框架结构等基础 内容,从地理知识库、空间知识发现、推理机制、GIS与ES集成四方面阐述了地理专家系统的研究现状及进展,提 出地理专家系统存在的问题及发展趋势。

Expert system rising in 1960s is the most mature field in artificial intelligence application. Geographical expert system (GES) is the result to combine expert system with geographical information system. This paper introduces the conception and the frame structure of GES, and points out the core parts of GES. Then it sets forth the application actuality and headway from four aspects of geography knowledge expression,spatial knowledge discovery,reasoning mechanism and the integration of GIS and ES. In detail , the knowledge source of GES is divided into two types on the whole. One is geography expert knowledge base, the other is knowledge discovery from GIS database. At present, there are many methods in the field of knowledge discovery from GIS database. The representations are exploratory induction learning method and artificial neural network technology. As far as reasoning mechanism is concerned, the most basic geography reasoning mechanism is Bayes uncertain reasoning, and the rising geography reasoning means is case - based reasoning. The integration of GIS and ES includes tight - coupling and loose - coupling. Compared with tight - coupling, loose - coupling is widely used due to simple method and easy exploitation. In final, this paper sums up the existing problems. Geography expert system is still lack of necessary geography information mechanism theory. On the other hand, there are no extrusive headways on the aspects of the key technologies,such as knowledge expression, reasoning mechanism. Based on the application actuality and the existing problems, this paper forecasts the development tendency of GES.