判断偏差分析的认知-生态取样途径

A Cognitive-Ecological Sampling Approach To Judgment Biases

对判断偏差的研究曾主要侧重于考察个体的动机和认知缺陷,而近期从认知-生态取样角度对判断偏差进行的研究则表明,判断偏差源于人与环境的交互作用。从认知-生态取样角度分析人的判断偏差着重考察以下四方面的问题:基于样本的判断涉及的多个变量,现实环境中刺激的分布,取样过程及其结果,取样过程中的心理预设与限制。认知-生态取样角度的研究对判断偏差产生的原因提供了一种全新的解释,同时,它也存在一些亟待解决的问题。

Lots of research on judgment biases held assumptions that the judgment biases were derived from the individuals motives and cognitive shortcomings. However, the studies of cognitive-ecological sampling offered an alternative account that the sampling process was not fully under the individual抯 cognitive control but was greatly affected by the distribution of information in the environment. The resulting samples tend to be biased for the interaction between cognition and the environment, and the sampling biases carry over to subsequent judgments. From the cognitive-ecological approach, the studies of judgment biases should focus on the following four aspects: the variants of sample-based judgment,the distribution of stimuli in the environment, the sampling process and the resulting samples, psychological assumptions and limitations. Future research issues are presented and discussed.