高速水射流特种精密加工技术

Special Precise Machining Technology Using HighSpeed Water Jet

高速水射流特种加工是利用具有很高动能的高速(超音速)水射流束来冲蚀材料,从而实现材料切削,属于高能束加工范畴,是一种可与激光、等离子体、电子束加工方法媲美的新型切割加工工具。水射流切割无(机械)接触,适应性好、切割表面精度高、切缝窄、材料损耗少、清洁无污染,配合数控执行机构可精确切割加工任意复杂形状工件。另一方面,水射流具有介质成本低,、清洁、环境友好,而且对被加工材料无热损伤(被切割材料温度小于100℃)等优点,在许多材料的切割加工、表面处理中,水射流具有其独特的优越性。高速水射流尤其适用于高硬度、高脆性难加工材料、复合材料、钢筋混凝土、陶瓷、石材等的切割加工。

High speed water jet special machining utilizesthe beam of water with very high dynamic energy to cutmaterials, therefore it actually belongs to the machiningtool of high energy beam. In many applications, waterjet machining has some advantages over the laser, plasmaand EDM etc., such as less expensive, environmentallyfriendly and has no heat affected zone (workingtemperature less than 100℃). On the other hand, waterjet machining is no contact with parts flexible, reasonablyprecise. narrow kerf width, less waste of materials, nocontamination, easy to integrate CNC to precisely cutany materials with complicated shapes. Therefore waterjet is a good unconventional tool for hard, fragile andvery difficult to cut materials, e.g. composite, concrete,ceramics and stone materials etc.