氮的污染及生物脱氮技术研究进展

Nitrogen Pollution and Recent Developments of Biodenitrification

氮的环境污染是严重的,多种形态的氮(氨氮、硝氮和亚硝氮)都会对环境造成污染,如水体富营养化是氮环境污染物的一种表现.由于在不同氧化还原环境条件下它们可相互转化,单独去除其中某种状态的氮意义不十分重要.介绍了硝化-反硝化脱氮的化学计量、质量守恒和能量转化途径,以及氮的转化和几种脱氮技术——ANAMMOX、SHARON、OLAND等.这些技术的探索为含氮污水处理、地下水污染控制和水体的富营养化防治提供应用基础,也可对氮的区域污染控制、面源氮污染防治提供技术指导.

Pollution caused by nitrogen is serious. Three sorts of existing nitrogen (ammonium, nitrate and nitrite) are the main forms of nitrogen in the nature, also the current components of environmental pollutants. Due to their transformation and mutation, it is of no use to remove one sort of them, under the various environmental conditions. Recent developments of biodenitrification technology, such as ANAMMOX, SHARON, OLAND are reviewed. These denitrification technologies based on related stoichiometry, matter conservation, energy transference help us understand the details of different conditions of nitrogen compound movement and choose the process terms of different biotreatment. They provide us technological basis and application background for the treatment of wastewater containing the nitrogen pollutants.