汉语被动句句法结构分析

The syntactic structure of passive sentences in Mandarin Chinese

本文根据汉语被动句中的接应代词与保留宾语现象,以层阶式派生(Chomsky 1999)为理论基础,探讨了被动句的句法结构.结论是:[C[T[vP[v被][v*P]]]],长被句与短被句的区别在于主动词的外部论元的语音形式的实现方式不同,故句法后果不同.有显性语音形式则可以留显性语迹(接应代词),为隐性语音形式时则留隐性语迹.留显性语迹之后,语言还得调整,不经济,故不留显性语迹者居多.

This paper examines the resumptive pronoun and the retained object in passive sentences. According to Derivation by Phase (Chomsky 1999), bei-construction is argued to be [C[T[vP [bei] [ v * P] ] ] ]. The distinction between the long bei -construction and the short bei-construc-tion lies in the modes of phoneticalisation of external arguments of matrix verbs, and the modes lead to different syntactic behaviors respectively. If the external argument has overt realization , then the moved object can leave an overt trace, which is called a resumptive pronoun. If the external argument has covert realization, then the moved object has to leave a covert trace. If the overt trace is left, the syntactic computation must deal with it. This is not economical, so the instances of overt trace are rather limited.