我国公共教育财政体制改革的进展、问题及对策

Progress, Problems and Countermeasures of Chinese Public Educational Finance System Reform

我国公共教育财政体制改革在义务教育财政体制、学生收费制度和贫困学生资助制度等方面取得了很大进展,但目前还存在一些问题,突出地表现为政府教育投入不足和公共教育资源分布不均。理论分析表明,应强调政府在教育资源配置中的基础性作用以及中央和省级政府的教育财政职能。今后我国公共教育财政体制改革应注意以下几个方面:制定和完善教育财政法规、建立公平的公立学校资源分配制度、建立规范的义务教育专项转移支付制度、选择合适的高等教育财政模式以及完善贫困学生资助制度。

Chinese public educational finance system reform has madea rapid progress in areas such as compulsory educational finance system, students' payment system and students' subsidy system. But there are still some problems, i.e. public effort to fund education is insufficient, and public educational resources are not evenly distributed. Theoretically, governments should play a fundamental role in educational resources allocation and the central and provincial level governments should share more educational expenditure. Reform should be strengthened in five aspects: educational finance laws, fair distribution system for resources of public schools, standard fiscal transfer system for compulsory education, proper fiscal system for higher education, and students' subsidy system.