犯罪地理学的理论研究

STUDY ON THE THEORIES OF CRIMINAL GEOGRAPHY

目前 ,国内外学术界还没有建立起真正意义上的犯罪地理学 ,因此 ,犯罪地理学的理论研究就显得特别重要。为此 ,本文系统地探讨了犯罪地理学的理论体系 ,认为犯罪地理学的理论体系含有 :①地理环境决定论 ;②环境论 (月相说、星相说、地域说、犯罪地形说、折衷主义学派环境论 ) ;③犯罪时日论 ;④芝加哥学派的犯罪同心圆论 ;⑤犯罪区位论。通过犯罪地理学理论体系的研究 。

This paper systematically researches the theoretical sys tem of crimina l geography, which includes the following theories. They are:①Geographical envi ronmental determinism. The theory holds that geographical environment plays a de terminant part in criminal behaviors. ②Environmentalism. The theory stresses th at environments play an important part in criminal behaviors. It includes phases of the moon and crime, phases of stars and crime, geographical factors and crim e, topographies and crime, eclectic criminology school environmental theory. Pha ses of the moon and crime hold that criminal behaviors take place with the chang e of phases of the moon. Phases of stars and crime holds that human criminal beh aviors occur with distribution and movement of constellation and production and disappearance of celestial bodies. Geographical factors and crime holds that the difference of criminals quantity, type and specific property a r e caused by the difference of geographical environmental factors in different ar eas. Topography and crime holds that quantity and type of criminal behavior are closely related to topography. Eclectic criminology school of environmental theo ry looks on natural factors as a part of social factors, and stresses that socia l environmental factors play an important part in criminal behavior. ③Theory of time and crime. The theory holds that criminal behaviors change with time. It s tresses the change of time plays an important part in criminal behaviors. ④Crim inal concentric circle theory of Chicago school. It is a theory of researching c riminal spatial distribution in cities. ⑤Criminal behavioral theory. The theory considers: criminal behaviors = personality of criminals + scene before crime+ social reaction. ⑥Criminal location theory. It is a theory that researching soc ial environment and community environment could influence the outcome and develo pment of criminal behaviors. Through study on theoretical system of criminal geo graphy, the authors just hope that this article is good for building and develop ing criminal geography.