城市旅游空间规划布局及其生态环境的优化与调控研究

ANALYSIS ON URBAN TOURISM SPATIAL PLANNING & DESIGN AND THE OPTIMIZATION & REGULATION OF ITS ECO-ENVIRONMENT

城市旅游发展所带来的主要病症之一是城市旅游生态环境的破坏。笔者认为主要原因之一在于城市旅游空间发展的无序、空间布局的不合理及对城市旅游资源的过度开发。

In the past few years, some urban regions such as Beijin g, Shanghai have experienced drastic changes due to urban tourism development. T ourism is deck chairs or ploughshares and a resource-orientation industry. But it brings eco-environmental damage to the destination places. The main trouble originated by urban tourism development is the eco-environment damage. The view of this paper considers the cause as the confusion of urban tourism spatial dev elopment and spatial arrangement, and excess demand for resources. Urban touris m spatial development strategies mainly include that urban tourism spatial dispe rsal development strategy, urban tourism spatial centric development strategy, a nd urban tourism rationally spatial planning & design, etc. Urban tourism spatia l dispersal development strategy coupled with urban tourist expansion can lead t o more spatially penetrating environmental degradation, and urban tourism space infinity expansion. This paper suggests that the last strategy should be the one of the best strategies to optimize & harmonize urban tourism eco-environment. Common to all three principal strategies considered previously is the problem o f excess demand for the urban tourism resource. The management countermeasures o n excess demand for urban tourism resource have five forms, which are peak deman d suppression; peak time dissipation; peak time demand shifting; spatial peak di ssipation; spatial peak shifting, etc. This paper suggests that these countermea sures can alleviate the pressure of urban tourism eco-environment damage and ca n help to rehabilitate or optimize urban tourism eco-environment. Its especia lly important to certain hot-spot tourist cities to manage excess demand for ur ban tourism resource at the period of large-scale activities. This study illust rates the relationship between the demand of urban tourists and the supply of ur ban tourism resource to tourists (i.e. UTECC). Identification of the UTECC is di fficult and rarely undertaken. This does raise the eminently reasonable question if the UTECC is not know for most urban tourist regions, how does one gauge whe ther urban tourism development is sustainable? Alternatively, a cautious iterati ve identification process may be contemplated with a long led time. This involve s commencing with a knowingly substantial underestimate of the UTECC, and then o bserving indicators, making adjustments on the capacity estimates thereafter. Th is approach would effectively require a major slowdown in urban tourism developm ent plans, lower financial rates of return in tourism-related investments, and rationally plan & design urban tourism space.