混凝土坝坝体溶蚀病害及治理

Corrosion and treatment of concrete dam body

混凝土的溶出性侵蚀是混凝土坝的本质性病害。一些混凝土坝通过定期检查,结合水质分析、坝体钙离子溶蚀量分析、混凝土(砂浆)强度和抗渗能力检测,发现坝体遭受到的溶蚀病害相当严重,有的轻型坝已危及到挡水功能和结构承载力。坝体灌浆和上游面防渗相结合的处理方法是治理坝体溶蚀病害的有效措施。对中、高坝是否设置降低或放空水库的设施,已成为能否在上游面做大面积防渗处理的关键。

Concrete dissoluble erosion is essential disease of concrete dam. By periodic site inspection and in combination with water quality analysis, dissolution quantity analysis of calcium ion and concrete/mortar strength and impermeability tests, it is found that some dam bodies has serious dissoluble diseases. A given light dam is endangered to the impounding function and the structure bearing capacity. An effective measure of treating the dissoluble diseases is to perform grouting in dam body and to control the seepage of upstream face. As regarding to the large and mediumsized dams, the dam with or without discharge devices to decrease water level or emptying reservoir has become the key of adopting a large area seepage control on the upstream face.