关于中国哲学解释学的一些基础性理解——道、意、象、构、言

Some fundamental understandings regarding hermeneutics in Chinese phi losophy

阐明中国哲学解释学的五个层级:道、意、象、构、言。指出"说明"是外在因果的表述;"解释"是内在理由的阐发。解释之所涉有两个不同之次序,理论逻辑次序之先后,重点在于"内在的契入理解";时间历程次序之先后,重点在于"实际行动的进程"。进行解释时,理论逻辑之次序与时间历程之次序,是一体的两面,他们彼此之间有一种互动关系,即所谓"解释学的循环"。学问之道需先穿透语言文字的遮蔽,上通于道;再由道而开显,"诠释"是站在某个"视点"展开的理解活动,再给出一套语言文字符号的建构。学问不能停留在"语句、结构"层次,要"得意忘言、以意逆志、志通于道",我们可以说这是"造乎其道"的诠释学。

This paper elucidates the five levels of Chinese hermeneutics, namely, 'Tao', 'intentionality', 'imagination', 'construction'and 'words'. First ly, the author points out that 'explanation' is the elucidation of the external causal relationship, while 'i nter pretation' is that of the internal reason. Secondly, interpretation involves i n t wo levels of sequence. The theoretical and logical sequence is based on the 'i n ternal understanding and penetration' (of the interpreter). Temporal sequence i s the operative process of the interpretative activities.These two levels depend on each other and constitute the 'hermeneutical circle'. Finally,the way to wi sdom has to go beyond the limit of language and comes up to 'Tao'. Interpretation i s inevitably confined to the interpreter's personal perspectives and background and carried out through the linguistic construction. Wisdom cannot be reached at the leve l of linguistic construction. It has to undergo three stages: to recover the me aning and not to attach to words, to come up to intentionality and finally to c ome up to 'Tao'. The author concludes that the ultimate goal of Chinese hermen eutics has to come up to the level of 'Tao'.