双基站卫星星座设计研究

Research on Constellation Design for Small Satellite Based on Two-Station-System

针对双基站卫星星座的特点,分析了卫星和空间站之间的可视窗、通讯窗和过顶时间要求下的通讯约束.根据卫星轨道高度、倾角、升交点赤经、轨道数目及卫星分布选择、星际链路建立等几个方面,对双基站卫星星座进行设计,并研究了长期执行任务的情况下,卫星轨道修正方案.该星座克服了以地球为基地的卫星星座测控信号传递路程长,信号受到环境干扰大的不足,充分利用空间站的优势,更有效地发挥了卫星及其星座的作用.通过仿真计算给出了双基站卫星星座与地面站和空间站的日通讯时间.从结果可以看出,所设计的双基站卫星星座可以作为我国空间站的数据中继系统.

Visualization window, communication window and communication constraint satisfied over-time between satellites and space station were presented according to the characters of two-station-system. Constellation based on two-station-system was designed, which mainly included selection of orbit altitude, eccentricity, inclination, longitude of ascending node, the number of orbits, and distribution of satellites. Moreover, orbit drift and inter-satellites link were considered. In addition, orbit correct was studied since the constellation shall work for a longer time. The deficiency brought by long distance transmission and strong environment interference of satellite measure signal based on ground station can be overcome by two-station-system. Constellation based on two-station-system can make fully use of the advantages of the space station, and furthermore exert the functions of satellites and constellation. Daily communication time was given between satellites and ground station, satellites and space station. According to the results analysis, the validity of designed constellation is confirmed, and it can serve as data relay system for China space station.