人口对干旱区生态环境演变的作用机制与问题分析——以新疆为例

The Interaction Mechanism and Contradictions between Population Dynamics and Environmental Degradation in Arid Area

本文以中国最大的干旱区———新疆为例 ,分析了干旱区人口变动与生态环境退化之间的主要作用机制以及存在的主要矛盾。认为人口数量增长引起的资源环境压力 ,是导致干旱区环境退化的主要人为诱因 ,而人口的素质状况则决定了人口资源环境压力下最终的环境演化方向与后果。在各种矛盾中 ,人口的快速增长所导致的资源环境压力 ,是目前新疆人口与环境之间最大的矛盾 ,而不均匀的人口空间分布模式则加剧了这种资源环境压力 ,新疆较低的人口综合素质则决定了新疆长期以来在资源环境面前所采取的主要方式和最终环境后果 ,是以环境退化为主的表现模式。

At first this thesis analyzes the impact path of population dynamics on environment in arid area of China by taking Xinjiang as a case, and points out that the environmental pressure caused by population growth is the major stimulating factor of population dynamics, while population quality determines the final outcome and direction of environmental evolution. Then the thesis analyses the main contradictions between population and environment in Xinjiang. In the end, the thesis points out a series of countermeasures from two aspects of both population and environment protection.