《林海雪原》的现代传奇与写真

From Novel to Peking Opera-the Fate of the Traditional Legend in Lin Hai Xue Yuan

50年代曲波创作的长篇小说《林海雪原》,与中国极其丰厚的传奇文学传统有很深的联系,它的文本结构、叙事方式、人物设计明显发生了向中国民间武侠、传奇小说传统审美口味上的倾斜与仿制,是现代革命的逻辑和传统传奇文学逻辑之间达成的妥协;由于《林海雪原》负载着政治宣传和非政治的娱乐两个功能,因此,对叙事文本的战争描写本着真与虚相结合的方法;《林海雪原》在文革中被改编成京剧《智取威虎山》,在基本保留原作传奇性背景的基础上,增强了现代革命京剧表演性成份,不过,为把《智》剧修改的更有"阶级性",原作中的江湖游侠的传奇色彩被换成充满阶级仇恨的内容,经过内容和程式的转换,传奇性与革命浪漫主义精神真正结合起来。总之,从小说到样板戏,传奇被赋予不同的含义,遭遇了不同的命运。

The novel Lin Hai Xue Yuan written by Qu Bo in the 1950s is closely related with the China's profound tradition of legend. Its text structure, narrative style and character design tend to imitate China's knight and legendary novels. It is the combination of modern revolutionary novels and traditional folk legends. Qualified with the functions of both political propaganda and entertainment, the description of the wars in this novel is performed in both real and imaginary ways. The novel was adapted to a Peking opera named Zhi Qu Wei Hu Shan, in which the original legend was replaced by class struggle. Therefore, it became the example of the revolutionary Romanism.