秩序宗教与生命宗教——对汉晋儒教、道教产生和基本功能的考察

Confucianism as a Political Religion and Taoism as a Vital Religion during Han-Jin Periods

在中国中世纪早期社会进程中,先后孕育并产生了两种形态的宗教。一种是"入世的"伦理的宗教,它为社会安定和政治秩序服务;另一种是"出世的"超越的宗教,它为个人的身心健康服务。秩序宗教的特点是将政治与神学联系起来,使政治神圣化;而生命宗教的特点是将生命与神灵联系起来,使生命神圣化。在其形成和发展中,这两种形态的宗教之间虽也曾有彼此渗透的倾向,但总的说来并未改变各自的基本性质。

During HanJin Dynasties, there are two sorts of religions originated. One is Confucianism and the other is Taoism. Confucianism, concerning the social ethic and political order, is proposed and spreaded under the support of Han emperors and officials. On the contrast, Taoism, which focuses on personal health, immortal and transcendence, is generated and developed without any support of the government but suppressed sometimes. As a religion, Confucianism bonds with politics, political theology and political sacrifice together while Taoism is related to personal body, personal health and personal life to immortals and gods. Confucianism is something like Prof. Robert Bellah called as a civil religion and Taoism as a church religion.