洞庭湖的演化与生态

Evolution and Ecology of Dongting Lake

洞庭湖会消亡,三峡水库运行只能延长其寿命,是目前的主导认识。根据构造沉降和泥沙淤积的相对关系,近100年来洞庭湖的演化经历了下荆江裁弯前后的萎缩和基本保持不变两个阶段;三峡水库蓄水135m高程标志着进入湖的扩大阶段;洞庭湖湿地生态系统受洞庭湖演化、“泥沙淤积搬家”和三峡水库年内下泄量变化等三个主要因素的影响,在其综合作用下,湿地生态系统由顺向演替转化为逆向演替。如此,三峡水库运行将使洞庭湖的生态问题出现一系列新的变化,将成为湖区可持续发展等同于防洪的重大问题。

It is commonly believed that the operation of Three Gorge Reservoir can only lengthen the life of Dongting Lake, which is bound to perish. The ecosystem of Dongting Lake wetland has been affected by three factors, under whose comprehensive influence the ecosystem of the wetland has changed from a clockwise direction to an opposite direction. The operation of Three Gorge Reservoir will lead to a series of changes in the ecology of Dongting Lake, which will be as important an problem in the sustainable development of the region as flood prevention.