摘要
Freshly-cleaved HOPG crystals were irradiated with Ni, Zn, Xe and U ions of specific energy 11.4 MeV/u at the linear accelerator UNILAC and with Ne, Cr, Zn, Xe ions (1.4 MeV/u) at the high-charge injector HLI, both facilities are in operation at GSI, Darmstadt. The irradiation with Fe ions was performed at HIRFL (22 MeV/u) of IMP, Lanzhou. All irradiations were performed at room temperature and under beam incidence
