远航中船员的心理变化及其对免疫功能的影响

Psychological changes and its effects on immunological function in seaman during voyage

目的:研究船员远航时心理和免疫功能的变化特点。方法:在连续航行35 d的某航天测量船上选取40名船员作为研究对象,采用SCL-90症状自评量表进行问卷调查,并检测T淋巴细胞亚群、血清补体和抗体的含量。结果:船员在航行中期(航行20-23 d)的心理健康水平明显低于航行前(起锚前3-5 d):有躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、敌意、恐怖和精神病性等7项因子得分高于航行前(P<0.05,P<0.01);航行后期(航行后32-34 d)精神状态较中期有明显改善;CD4/CD8在航行中期也达到了最低值,明显低于航行前(P<0.01),返航前比值有所升高,与心理健康水平呈同步性改变;多种抗体(IgG、IgA、IgM)和补体(C3、C4)的含量也发生了明显的改变。结论:远航作业严重影响了船员的心理健康和免疫功能。

Objective: To investigate the psychological changes and immunological function in seaman during voyage. Methods: A total of 40 male sailors from an aerospace metrical ship were chosen. Their emotional status were investigated with Symptom Check-List 90(SCL-90); the changes of T-lymphocyte subgroups and the serum antibody and complement were detected. Results: Compared with that before sailing,the seaman psychological state in the metaphase of voyage degraded markedly (manifested by 7 factors such as somatization, obsessive-compulsion .depression, anxiety and psychotic symptom), and got significantly improved in the anaphase of voyage. Synchronizing with the variation of psychological change,the CD4/ CD8 value also decreased greatly in the metaphase compared with that of the prophase during the voyage(P<0. 01) and ameliorated in the anaphase. The content of various immunoglobulins and complements were also markedly changed. Conclusion: This study reveals that voyage significantly influences the seamen's psychological condition and immunological function.