他克莫司对终末期糖尿病肾病肾移植的术后治疗

Clinical study of tacrolimus in postoperative treatment of patients with renal transplantation for diabetic end-stage renal disease

目的探讨应用小剂量低谷值浓度他克莫司(FK506)治疗终末期糖尿病肾病肾移植患者的疗效和安全性。方法选择因终末期糖尿病肾病行尸肾移植的患者64例,随机分成小剂量低谷值浓度FK506组33例和环孢霉素(CsA)组31例2组,术后根据血糖水平调整胰岛素用量。比较两组急性排斥反应发生率、血糖水平、胰岛素用量的变化及对血压、血脂代谢和肝功能的影响。结果FK506组1年人/肾存活率为96.97%/93.94%,CsA组为96.77%/90.32%。FK506组4例患者(12.12%)发生急性排斥反应,CsA组11例(35.48%)发生急性排斥反应,差异显著(P<0.05)。术后1个月内,FK506组胰岛素平均用量34.35 U/d,CsA组胰岛素平均用量28.15 U/d;术后1年,FK506组胰岛素平均用量14.09 U/d,CsA组胰岛素平均用量13.05 U/d,同期两组胰岛素用量无统计学差异(P>0.05)。FK506组中有21例(63.63%)患者需要降压治疗,5例(15.15%)患者需要降血脂治疗,3例(9.09%)患者出现肝功能损害,需要护肝治疗;CsA组有28例(90.32%)患者需要降压治疗(P<0.05),13例(41.94%)患者需要降血脂治疗(P<0.05),11例(35.48%)患者出现肝功能损害,需要护肝治疗(P<0.05), 均差异显著。结论终末期糖尿病肾病肾移植患者,小剂量低谷值浓度FK506疗效好,副作用小,对糖代谢的影响与CsA相近。

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (FK506)- versus cyclosporine (CsA)-based immunosuppression protocol in the treatment of patients with renal transplantation for diabetic end-stage renal disease. Methods A total of 64 patients with end-stage renal disease were randomized into FK506 (n=33) and CsA (n=31) group after cadaveric renal transplantation, the former group adopting small-dose FK506 therapy with low trough concentration, and the latter receiving CsA therapy. The dose of insulin was adjusted according to blood glucose level of the patients after the operation. The incidence of acute rejections, blood glucose level, the dose of insulin and changes in blood pressure, lipid metabolism and liver function were compared between the two groups. Results The 1-year patient/graft survival rates were 96.97%/93.94% in FK506 group and 96.77%/90.32% in CsA group. Four patients (12.12%) developed acute rejection in the FK506 group, while 11 (35.48%) did in the CsA group during the first year after the operation (P<0.05). The dose of the insulin of the FK506 group (34.35 U/d, 14.09 U/d) was not significantly different from that in the CsA group (28.15 U/d, 13.05 U/d) at the first month and 1 year after the operation (P>0.05). One year after the operation, 21 patients (63.63%) required anti-hypertension treatment, 5 (15.15%) needed anti-hyperlipidemia treatment and 3 (9.09%) had abnormal liver function in FK506 group, while in the CsA group, 28 patients (90.32%) needed anti-hypertension therapy, 13 (41.94%) received anti-hyperlipidemia treatment and 11 (35.48%) showed signs of abnormal liver function, with significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions Small-dose FK506 therapy with low concentrations is effective in the postoperative management of patients with renal transplantation for diabetic end-stage renal disease, with only mild adverse effect. FK506 is comparable with CsA in terms of the effect on glucose metabolism of the patients.