骶管裂孔和骶后孔穿刺点的选择及其解剖学基础

Applied Study on Acupuncture Location of Sacral Hiatus and Posterior Sacral Foramen

目的:为骶管裂孔、骶后孔穿刺术提供解剖学测量数据。方法:取成人骶骨137块,观测骶角、骶管裂孔和骶后孔的形态及位置。结果:左右侧骶角同高者占70.8％,不同高者占24.8％,骶角不显者占4. 4％。骶管裂孔高18.3±8.6mm,宽10.5±2.7mm。在后正中线上,骶角间点至骶2后孔间点为53.0±8.4mm,骶2后孔间点至骶2后孔点为20.5±2.8mm。结论:骶管裂孔穿刺为骶管麻醉常用进针点。对钩形骶管,骶管中部狭窄,骶管麻醉一侧阻滞不全,或只需一侧阻滞麻醉者,以及骶后孔穿刺骶管疗法,均可经骶后孔穿刺。

Objective:To provied anatomical data for the acupuncture of sacral hiatus and posterior sacral foramen. Methods: The shape and location of the sacral foramen were observed on 137 adult sacrums. Rresults: The sacral cornu obvious and same in shape takes 70.8 % , obvious and not same in shape takes 24. 8 % , not obvilus takes 4.4%. The length of sacral hiatus is 18. 3 ±8.6mm. The width is 10. 5 ±2.7mm. At the median posterior line, the length form between sacral cornu to between second posterior sacral foramen is 53. 0 ± 8. 4mm. The length from between second posterior sacral foramen to the second psoterior sacral foramen is 20. 5 ± 2. 8mm. Conclusion: The sacral hiatus was usually for anesthesia at sacral canal. The acupuncture of the posterior sacral foramen is usually fitted, if the sacrum shape is hook, and the middle part of the sacrum canal is narrow,or if one side anesthesia of sacral canal is imcomplete,or if only one side anesthesia is used,or if the sacral canal treatment is operated by the acupuncture of posterior sacral foramen.