旱地密植苹果贴干定位换种同步成形技术研究

Research on Technique of Top Grafting for Replacing Cultivar in Drought High Density Apple Orchards

对渭北密植苹果园进行贴干定位高接快速成形系列技术研究表明,按细长纺锤形树体要求,主干截留200cm,主干每隔15cm确定新主枝位点,于春季4月中下旬单枝单芽嫁接,全树高接头数10～12个,嫁接时砧枝留长5～8cm,依据断面与位置选用皮下接、切腹接和舌接等,接后封闭接枝剪口加套塑料袋,可使嫁接成活率达94.1%以上,当年成形,树冠恢复率97.5%。高接后第2年结果,第3年丰产。该技术经大面积示范推广,效果显著。

The experiment of new top grafting technique was conducted in drought high density apple orchard in the part of Weibei of Shaanxi province. Adopting spindle shape, the trunk was cut back to 200cm high,10～12 grafting spots were selected around the trunk, from each other was about 15cm away. Top grafting with a one-bud scion every spot was taken in the second last ten days of April. The selected limbs for grafting was cut back and only remained 5～8 cm long. Bark grafting, side cutting grafting and tongue grafting were taken according to the location and section of the limb. After grafting, the cutting section and scion were all sealed with oil and plastic bag . In such a case, the survival rate of grafting can reach 94.1%, the spindle shape can form and top of the tree can recover to 97.5% after one season. It bears in the second year and has normal yield in the third year. This technique has been extended on the large scale and yielded significant effect.