棉花对枯黄萎病的抗性鉴定及病害对产量的影响

Identification of Cotton Resistance to Fusarium and Verticillium Wilts and the Influence of the Diseases on Yield

对来自长江流域棉区的 5 0份陆地棉新品系 (品种 )进行了抗枯萎病 (Fusariumvasinfectum)或抗黄萎病 (Verticilliumalboatrum)鉴定 ,并从中选择 10个新品系为试验材料 ,对枯萎病和黄萎病各级病株所造成的籽棉产量损失进行了研究。试验结果表明 :(1)有 4个品系抗枯萎病 ,占抗枯萎病鉴定材料 (40份 )的 10 0 % ;耐病 2 7个 ,占 6 7 5 % ;感病 9个 ,占2 2 5 %。 (2 )有 1个品系抗黄萎病 ,占抗黄萎病鉴定材料 (30份 )的 3 3% ;耐病 2 6个 ,占 86 7% ;感病 3个 ,占 10 0 %。 (3)棉花枯萎病株 ,不同的发病级别与健株相比造成的籽棉减产百分率分别为 :Ⅰ级 32 0 % ;Ⅱ级 5 2 9% ;Ⅲ级 6 8 7% ;Ⅳ级83 4 %。 (4)棉花黄萎病株不同的发病级别与健株相比所造成的籽棉减产百分率为Ⅰ级 30 3% ;Ⅱ级 5 1 9% ;Ⅲ级6 8 4 % ;Ⅳ级 86 7%。

Fifty new lines or verieties in Gossypium hirsutum L from Yangtze River drainage area were used to test the resistance to Fusarium or Verticillium wilts Ten of the lines were selected to analyze the seed cotton yield lost per plant that was caused by different grade diseases The results showed that (1) Four lines (10 0% of 40 lines) were resistant to Fusarium wilt, 27 tolerant (67 5%), 9 susceptible (22 5%) (2) One line (3 3% of 30 lines) was resistant to Verticillium wilt, 26 tolerant (86 7%), 3 susceptible (10 0%) (3) The diseases were scored by Ⅰ-Ⅳ grade, and the disease Ⅰ of Fusarium wilt caused yield reduction in seed by 32 0%, diseaseⅡ by 52 9%;disease Ⅲ by 68 7%; disease Ⅳ by 83 4% (4) The disease Ⅰ of Verticillium wilt yield lost by 30 3%, diseaseⅡ by 51 9%, disease Ⅲ by 68 4%, disease Ⅳ by 86 7%