聚乳酸类支架材料研究进展

Development of the frame materials made of polylacticacids

组织工程学是在细胞生物学、分子生物学、生物材料学和临床医学基础上发展起来的一门交叉学科,其目的是以生物替代物修复和改善人体损伤组织的功能。而组织工程学的根本在于研究和开发生物替代物的支架材料,该材料需具备如下特性:(1)组织相容性;(2)生物可降解性;(3)降解可调性;(4)降解无毒性;(5)易于塑型;(6)具有适应种子细胞生长、繁殖所需要的物理和化学特性。而目前研究最广泛的具有上述特性的材料是聚羟基乙酸和聚乳酸等聚乳酸类材料。聚乳酸类材料已被广泛用于骨、软骨、血管、神经、皮肤等组织的支架材料。本文对聚乳酸类组织工程支架材料的制备、改进及其在组织工程中的应用进展作一综述。

Tissue engineering is a kind of cross subject,which develops on the basis of cell biology,molecular biology,bio-material science and clinical medicine.The aim of tissue engineering is to restore and improve the function of scathing tissue using bio-substituent.The basis of tissue engineering is to study and develop the frame materials of bio-substituent.Besides the physical and chemical properties satisfying the growth and reproduction of the seed cell,the materials should hold the following properties,including tissue compatibility,bio-degradability,degradable modulability,nontoxicity,easy to mold.The materials studied extensively are PLA and PGA.The polylacticacids frame materials have been used to be the frame materials of bone,cartilage gristle,blood vessel,nerve and skin.The preparation of polylacticacids and its improvement are reviewed in this article.The application development to tissue engineering is also presented.