海洋钻井液有机物添加剂生物降解性实验研究

Experimental Study on Ability of Biodegrade of Fluid Additives for Offshore Drilling

用累计耗氧量法对海洋钻井中常用钻井液有机添加剂在自然海水中的生物降解性进行了实验研究,并进一步探讨有机物生物降解性同其化学结构的内在联系。结果表明,淀粉类添加剂最易降解,纤维素类及烯类单体聚合物次之,两性离子聚合物及SMC不但不易降解,还对微生物有一定的抑制作用。这为海上钻井作业选择易降解的环保型钻井液有机添加剂提供合理有效的评价方法,并为海洋勘探开发过程中研制开发环保性能好的有机物添加剂提供了理论依据。

The method of accumulative oxygen consumption is experimented, which can be used to evaluate the ability to degrade of the drilling fluid additives in natural sea water. It is found that the ability to degrade of the drilling fluid is closely related with its chemical configuration. Among the drilling fluid additives amylum category degrade most easily, cellulose category and monomer polymer take second place. The amphoteric ion polymer and SMC not only degrade very difficultly but so far to restrain microbe to a certain degree. This method can be used to gauge the ability to degrade of the offshore drilling fluid additives, and also to evaluate and study the law and the mechanism of the substance additives biodegrade. It also can provide theory foundation to develop environmental substance additives in offshore petroleum development and exploration.