冬小麦品种的磷营养效率鉴定

Identify of winter wheat cultivars on the phosphorus nutrition efficiency

为获得磷高效育种及相关理论研究所需的材料 ,在大田条件下对 2 16份冬小麦种质的磷营养效率进行鉴定。磷营养效率用磷效率 (低磷产量 )和对低磷的敏感度 [(高磷产量 -低磷产量 )× 10 0 /高磷产量 ]来描述。 2 0 0 0—2 0 0 1年将 2 16个冬小麦品种分别种在低磷 (Olsen P为 2 .4mg·kg-1,不施磷 )和高磷 (Olsen P为 17.4mg·kg-1,施纯磷 6 0kg·hm-2 )土壤上 ,根据各品种的磷效率选出 37个典型品种 ,但对低磷敏感度的品种间差异没有表现出来。2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 2年在低磷 (Olsen P为 6 .6mg·kg-1,不施磷 )和高磷 (Olsen P为 17.4mg·kg-1,施纯磷 6 0kg·hm-2 )土壤上对上述 37个品种进行磷营养效率再鉴定 ,根据磷效率和对低磷的敏感度划分为高效不敏感、高效敏感、低效不敏感、低效敏感 4种磷营养效率类型。磷效率年度间稳定性的研究表明磷效率表现稳定的品种仅占 37.8% ,因此为增加鉴定的准确性应该进行多年的连续鉴定并利用次级性状作为辅助筛选指标。

To get useful materials for P efficient breeding and relative theoretical studies, 216 winter wheat cultivars were identified for their phosphorus nutrition efficiency under field conditions. Phosphorus nutrition efficiency was measured by P efficiency (yield at low P level) and sensitivity to low P ((yield at high P-yield at low P)×100/yield at high P). The cultivars were planted at two P levels (Olsen-P 2.4mg·kg -1 and no P applied; Olsen-P 17.4mg·kg -1 and 60kg·hm -2 P applied) in 2001—2002. Theirty-seven cultivars were selected according to their P efficiency, but the genotypic variance of sensitivity to low P was not distinct. In 2001—2002 P nutrition efficiency of 37 genotypes was evaluated on two P levels again (Olsen-P 6.6mg·kg -1 and no P applied; Olsen-P 17.4mg·kg -1 and 60kg·hm -2 P applied). On the basis of P efficiency and sensitivity to low P, all genotypes were classified as 4 types of efficient and non-sensitive, efficient and sensitive, non-efficient and non-sensitive, and non-efficient and sensitive. The analysis on the stability of P efficiency showed that only 37.8% of genotypes showed stable P efficiency in two years. For getting P efficient germplasm more quickly and more exactly, it was necessary to characterize the genotypes for several years and to use some agronomic traits related to P efficiency traits as secondary selection criterion.