汉语话语中的时间表达

The Ways to Express Time in Chinese Discourse

时间是语句构成中一个不可或缺的要素。在连贯性的话语中,时间的表达除了具有单个语句的特征之外,还存在一个语句之间组合衔接及其相互关系的问题。从《骆驼祥子》整个文本来考察,汉语话语中时间关系的表达有"潜性"和"显性"两大方法,前者主要依靠语序;而后者则有三种主要类型:时间对照型、时间连续型以及时间统辖型,而每一种类型都有其产生的理据与特定意义。

Time is an indispensable element in a sentence. In cohenrent discourse there is a matter of how to organize sentences and to indicate relationship of time among sentences. The novel Camel Xiangzi shows two means in expressing time, one is the latent way without any marks on clauses and the other is the noticeable way with some marks on clauses. The former relies on the sentence order mostly while the latter displays three main methods: time contrast, time continuity and time governing, with each having its own reason and meaning.