陈旧性胸腰椎骨折的手术治疗

Surgical treatment of the old thoracolumbar vertebral fractures

目的 介绍前路减压、植骨或钛网植入和Z -plate前路钢板系统内固定治疗陈旧性胸腰椎骨折伴不稳定的初步经验。 方法 2 3例陈旧性胸腰椎骨折 ,男 18例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 2 5～ 6 6岁 ,平均 4 1.7岁。骨折病史 1.2～ 2 8年 ,平均 5 .6年。 2 3例均有明显的腰背痛病史 ,其中 17例有轻度神经损害 (FrankelD级 ) ;术前影像学检查发现所有病例均有不同程度的后凸畸形 (后凸角度 2 5°～ 4 0° ,平均 34°)、脊髓压迫和不稳定征像。 2 3例中 ,15例采用前路减压、取带三面皮质骨的髂骨块植骨和Z -plate前路钢板系统内固定 ,8例以钛网代替三面皮质骨的髂骨块植入治疗。结果 全部病例均无严重的术中和术后并发症 ,术后患者的腰背痛和下肢麻木症状大多于术后 2～3个月开始缓解或消失。后凸角度由术前平均 34°矫正到术后的 12° ,随访中无丢失发现。所有病例无术后神经损害或症状加重现象 ,3例术前FrankelD级者术后肌力有稍许恢复 ,但Frankel分级没有提高。MRI复查者均显示达到良好的脊髓减压效果。 结论 前路减压、植骨或钛网植入和Z -plate前路钢板系统内固定具有减压充分、植骨愈合率高和一定的矫正畸形作用 ,是治疗伴有临床症状的陈旧性胸腰椎骨折良好的手术方法之一。

Objective To report the preliminary experiences in the treatment of old unstable thoracolumbar vertebral fractures by using anterior decompression, bone graft or titanium mesh and internal fixation with Z-plate system. Methods There were 23 cases (18 males and 5 females) with age range of 25-66 years (mean 41.7 years) as well as thoracolumbar vertebral fracture history for 1.2-28 years (mean 5.6 years). All cases complained of severe lower back pain, 17 of whom had slight neurological deficits (Frankel Grade D). Preoperative radiographic evaluation showed that all 23 cases had various degrees of kyphosis (25°-40°, averaged 34°), spinal cord compression and vertebral instability. Of 23 cases, 15 were treated with anterior decompression, full-thickness iliac crest autograft and internal fixation with Z-plate and the other 8 with titanium mesh instead of full-thickness iliac crest autograft. Results No severe complications happened during and after operation. The lower back pain and neurological deficits were improved or disappeared 2-3 months postoperatively. The average kyphotic correction degrees ranged from preoperative 34° to postoperative 12°. No patients' symptoms worsened during follow-up. In three cases with preoperative Frankel Grade D, the myodynamia recovered slightly but the Frankel Grade remained unchanged. The postoperative MRI examinations showed that vertebral canals were well decompressed. Conclusions Anterior decompression, autograft or titanium mesh and internal fixation with Z-plate are proved to be safe and effective techniques for clinical management of old thoracolumbar fractures, for they have advantages in effective decompression of neural structures, high healing rate of autograft and correction of kyphotic deformity.