五种豆科种子胚乳细胞的微观结构的比较

The Comparison of the Microscopic Structure of Five Seeds Endosperm Cells

运用光学显微镜和电子显微镜分别对胡芦巴、野皂荚、皂荚、瓜尔豆、塔拉豆等五种豆科种子内胚乳细胞的形态、大小、壁厚等微观结构进行了观察比较。研究结果表明 :五种种子内胚乳细胞壁几乎完全由胶状的透明的半乳甘露聚糖所填充 ,细胞的形态、大小差异较大 ,瓜尔豆、塔拉豆的内胚乳细胞呈球形或近球形 ;胡芦巴内胚乳细胞为多角形或多角椭圆形 ,它们细胞壁界限清晰 ,细胞排列整齐有规律 ;皂荚、野皂荚则为不规则的长椭球形 ,细胞壁彼此连接成片 ,界限模糊。一般地说 :当细胞壁壁厚小于 4μm时 ,胚乳胶粉中的水不溶物含量较低 ,1%浓度的胶液的粘度较高 ,而当壁厚大于 4μm时 ,情况反之。本文的研究目的是为植物胶生产。

The microscopic structure observation has been made on the endosperm cells of Trigonella foenum graecum、Gleditisia microophylla Bunge、 Gleditisia sinensis Lam.、 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba、Caesalpinia spinosa Kuntze by optical and electron microscope. The results show all the cells of the endosperm almost completely filled with the polysaccharide and the microscopic structure of all the cells is very different. The tests demonstrate that when the thick of the cell wall is less than 4μm,the insolubles in endosperm gum powder is lower, the viscosity (170s 1 ,30℃) of 1%gum is higher ; when the thick is more than 4μm, the result is contrary. This paper supplies the cytology basis for producation and processing of the five vegetable gums.