海洋钻井液有机物添加剂生物降解性评价

Biogedradability evaluation of organic additives of drilling fluid used in sea boring

随着海洋石油的勘探开发,钻井液有机添加剂不可避免地进入海洋,因此在海洋勘探开发过程中应选择环保性能好,即生物降解性能好的有机物添加剂。用累计耗氧量法测定了海洋钻井液有机添加剂的生物降解性,研究评价了有机添加剂的生物降解规律和机理,探讨了有机物生物降解性同其化学结构的内在联系,为海洋勘探开发过程中选择环保性能好的有机物添加剂提供理论依据。总结实验结果发现:淀粉类(如DFD-140和FI-E1等)最容易生物降解;其次是纤维素类(如MV-CMC等)和烯类单体聚合物(如PAM和PHP);而沥青类、两性离子类则难以生物降解,有的甚至对生物降解起抑制作用。

With the development of offshore oil, the organic drilling fluid additives employed go into the sea and inevitably causes environmental consideration, thus organic additives of good biodegrad-ability, i.e., good environment protection properties should be selected for offshore drilling.Biode-gradability of organic additives used for offshore drilling wes measured by using method of integrated oxygen consumption and biodegradable law, and the mechanisms were studied, while the intrinsic relation between biodegradability of the additives and its chemical constitution were investigated.This work has provided a theoretical basis for selecting organic additives which can protect sea environment during drilling.Experiences showed that starch additives (such as DFD-140 and FI-E1, etc.) are mostly biodegradable, the next is celluloses (such as MV-CMC) and alkenyl polymer (such as PAM and PHP, etc.).Asphalt and zwitter-ion additives are almost non-degradable and even can inhibite biodegradation.