蔡元培的美育思想及其在北京大学的践行

Cai Yuan-pei's Thought of Aesthetic Education and Its Practice at Peking University

强调美学在学校教育中的独特地位和作用,是蔡元培教育思想的一个重要特点。他从教育方针的层次上,形成了德、智、体、美四育并重的教育思想。他把美育又称作美感教育,使之激发、陶冶和完美人的高尚感情,达到美与善的和谐的统一。他认为人具备高尚的思想情操,即健全的世界观和人生观,就能够有探求的精神,百折不挠的意志,所以主张科学与美术并重,认为两者是相互补充和相互推进的,同为新教育之要纲。蔡元培积极倡导美育,不仅是为共和培养健全人格的人才,而且也体现他对社会进步的关注。他提出"以美育代宗教"和"文化运动不要忘了美育",就是针对时弊的、有积极意义的进步主张。

An important characteristic of CaiYuanpei's education thoughts is to enforce the role and function of aesthetics in higher education. In his educational policy, aesthetic education is very important, as well as moral education, intellectual education, and physical education. In his opinion, aesthetic education can mould a person's temperament, and train a healthy character. The point of view 'aesthetic education instead of religion' and 'culture movement should not forget aesthetic education', has positive significance. 